Various type of Stingray.

Whipray (Himantura chaophraya)

Inhabits sandy bottoms in estuaries and large rivers. Feeds on benthic invertebrates and fishes. Ovoviviparous. Caught occasionally by demersal gillnet and longline fisheries operating in riverine and estuarine areas. Utilized for its meat and possibly its cartilage. Marketed fresh, with large individuals being sold in cut pieces by the kilogram. Size reaches to about 500 cm long. Threatened due to over harvesting and pollution. It is distributed around Asia and Oceania: Mekong and Chao Phraya basins; also from eastern Borneo, New Guinea and northern Australia.

Bluespotted stingray (Neotrygon kuhlii)

A solitary species found on sandy bottoms near rocky or coral reefs. Usually found in deeper water but moves onto the reef flat and into shallow lagoons at high tide. Occasionally covers itself with sand, leaving only its eyes and tail visible. Feeds on crabs and shrimps. Ovoviviparous. The venomous spine can inflict a painful wound. Caught in very large quantities in the bottom trawl, trammel and fish trap fisheries. Utilized for its meat but of limited value due to its small size. It's distribution is across Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Samoa and Tonga, north to Japan, south to Australia. Represented by multiple color morphs in the Indo-Pacific which may be different species.

Cowtail Stingray (Pastinachus sephen)

The Cowtail Stingray gets it's name form it's thick broad tail trunk. It's common inshore in tyropical seas, venturing into estuaries and sometimes freshwater. They tend to be inquisitive and approach closely if fish have been speared. It has also been called the Banana-tail Ray, Fantail Ray, Feathertail Stingray, Guergunna and Weralli. The Cowtail Stingray has a disc that is slightly wider than long. It has small eyes and a very wide interorbital space. The tail is about twice the length of the disc. The upper surface of the disc is a uniform grey, brown or black. The lower surface is white. The tail is depressed basally becoming more cylindrical distally. The broad skin flap and tip of the tail are black. It is mainly distributed in tropical marine waters of the Indo-West Pacific. In Australia it is known from the central coast of Western Australia, around the tropical north of the country and south to the central coast of New South Wales.

Pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea)

A thick, dark stingray with a broadly rounded snout and an angular pectoral disc; tail less than twice body length with a long lower caudal finfold ending far in front of tail tip, but with no upper finfold; disc without thorns; usually 1 extremely long sting on tail; eyes do not protrude. Uniformly violet, purple, or dark blue-green dorsally and ventrally. No prominent markings. It is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical seas. Eastern Atlantic: southeastern coasts of the Mediterranean and off Sicily. Reported from Cape Verde. Eastern Pacific: California (USA), Baja California (Mexico), and the Galapagos Islands Reported off Vancouver and from Chile. Western Atlantic. There are 4 records from southern Africa.

Porcupine ray (Urogymnus asperrimus )

A heavily armored stingray lacking a venomous barb; young with large, flat denticles on upper surface, and large juveniles and adults with additional sharp conical thorns and small, pointed denticles. Very thick elongated disc with broadly rounded outer corners; snout broadly rounded and tail slender, about as long as body and without finfolds. Light grey or whitish dorsally, white ventrally; tail blackish. It is mainly distributed across Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and coast of East Africa to the Marshall Islands and Fiji, south to northern Australia. Eastern Atlantic: Senegal, Guinea, and Côte d'Ivoire.